Speech analysis free essay sample

The speech made by Manal- Al Sharif called â€Å"A Saudi woman who dared to drive† is presented in a TED conference (Technology, Environment, and Design) which is a global set of conferences. They offer live streaming of the talks and address a wide range of topics within the research and practice of science and culture. The speech was filmed sometime within June 2013. Manal- Al Sharif is a woman from Saudi Arabia who advocates for women’s right to drive, male guardianship annulment, and family protection in Saudi Arabia, and in this speech she tells the story of her campaign and how big the discrimination is for women who want to drive in Saudi Arabia and the campaigns that she created has started a change for women. In the beginning of her speech, she starts out by giving the audience a rhetorical question that she later on hopes that she can answer throughout her speech. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The question is which battle is the hardest, the battle against oppressive governments or oppressive societies? The speaker starts off by establishing credibility after she asked the rhetorical question. Examples of the way the speaker tries to establish credibility is when that the speaker starts to say â€Å"I am a Saudi women that was put to jail for driving a car, in a country where it is not acceptable for women to do so† By telling the audience this, her credibility scale grows higher because the whole speech is about women who drive cars in Saudi Arabia and it’s more likely that she has more credibility than if a man from America were to be talking about this situation. She continues the speech by speaking about her family and personal experiences to make people comprehend the significance of how bad the perception of women driving cars really is. Already one of these examples is of her son and she brings it up in the beginning, that he asks if they were bad people and the reason for him asking this question is because of kids at his school bullying him because they thought that Aboody (Her son) and her should be put to jail because they knew she drove a car. Not only but even that her own brother was detained twice in jail just by giving her, his car keys. An example like these makes a speech more interesting, why I say that is because her bad experiences can be used in something good. Like for example this speech, where she is trying to make the people see the situation through her eyes and make a change and through her bad situations she can make people see things in the speaker’s perspective, how serious it really is and make a change along the way. Later on she continues making a connection with the audience by presenting facts about her campaign and what the purpose of the campaign was. She tells the audience that the campaign was made to encourage women to get behind the wheel and drive the day of 17 July. When that day then did come, streets were packed with police cars and religious police cars. But some hundred Saudi women broke the ban and drove that day and none were arrested, she then claims that they broke the taboo. She brings out her own credentials and what she accomplished. She brings hope that every woman can do the same, you just have to want it bad enough to bring yourself up to make a change. The speaker later on posits the claim by mentioning facts such as â€Å"There is no actual law that prevents women from driving, it was just a custom and tradition that are enshrined in deep religious fatwas (learned interpretation that a qualified jurist or mufti can give on issues pertaining to the Islamic law)† with this statement she displays the audience how the situation really is, giving them real fact and at the same time making them understand it is society who has stripped women of their right and that it’s the way people perceive of women driving and that it is no real law against it. She brings out more facts and one of those is why women in Saudi Arabia are not allowed to drive. The reason was that there was a study that was presented to the Shura-council (its consulate of consults appointed by the king of Saudi Arabia) from a local university professor that claimed the study was based on results from UNESCO (United Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) this study said that the percentage of rape, adultery and prostitution is higher in countries where women do drive than in countries where they don’t. This argument is a very remarkable one, just for the reason that she is giving factual information of why it’s so frowned upon for women to drive but at the same time displaying how absolutely absurd the study that has been presented to the Shura-council really is. When making this statement look stupid she is making her own statement and purpose in the speech more significant and superior. As written earlier she shows that its society that has the wrong image of women because of the way that these ultraconservative customs and traditions have made it unacceptable for women to drive or have any other rights at all. Throughout her whole speech she is very focused on her ethical appeal, why she does that is because with the speeches purpose she makes a connection with the audience that involves trust. You could create a speech that evokes a specific emotion or you could construct a lot of logical arguments and it would still make people pay attention but the way that she constructed her speech was to make people see her as one of them, one of those who have had gone through struggle and one who has actually been oppressed because mostly you listen more to somebody who been through it then somebody who has only read about it. The tone was just very informative and motivational, because it was fitting to what the purpose of the speech was, it was supposed to be motivational neither sad nor happy. The speaker did not really use imagery or diction, she addressed her purpose very simple by mostly just using her body language and with that you could see that she was giving off a relaxed feeling but not too relaxed to make it all seem that she was not serious. The speech was about showing the truth of how it really is and there are women that really want to make a change to gain more rights as human beings.

How to Work With a Recruiter and Build a Lasting Relationship

How to Work With a Recruiter and Build a Lasting Relationship Chances are, at some point in your career, you’re going to need a recruiter. It’s best not to attack them out of the blue when you’re at your most desperate. Instead, try to keep in mind that recruiters are human beings too. Try building a relationship that way, rather than being a job-sucking vampire. Also keep in mind there are different kinds of recruiters. Figure out first if you’re dealing with someone salaried who does this all day every day, or whether you’re dealing with someone who works only on commission. Tailor your needs to match theirs, and vice versa.Here is your 10-step plan to building a good relationship with a recruiter.1. Start with â€Å"the talk†Your recruiter should open your working relationship by asking you a bunch of questions: who you are, where you are, what you’ve been doing, your strengths, your weaknesses, your goals, etc. The more they know about you, the better they can help put you in a good position- both for you and for the company.2. Know thyselfDon’t recruit a recruiter if you don’t already know what you want and need. Figure out what you want to do and be when you grow up before you start soliciting the services of a professional. Make sure that every job they put you up for is one you’d be glad to take.3.  Have all your documents readyGet your ducks in a row before making the call. Up-to-date resume, updated LinkedIn profile, a tasteful and professional headshot, a website, samples of your work, etc. And then go in with the list of companies or titles you’d like to aim for.4. Don’t be needyYou’re not in a position to make demands. The recruiter is not â€Å"working for† you. Hopefully you’ll both come to a mutually advantageous outcome, but your chances of this go down the more you play the diva. Know your place in the food chain, make life easy on your recruiter, and things will turn out right.5. Ask for tipsIf you r recruiter knows a company well, feel free to ask for tips before you interview. There might be some very valuable information to be gleaned that you couldn’t get from the usual pre-interview research session.  6. Think about your salary historyYou aren’t required to share this with your recruiter. But they can (and should) ask. And it might be useful for you both to be on the same page when it comes time to figuring out which applications fit you best.7.  Know the ins and outs of industry salaryIf you want to go for a pay increase, make sure you’ve done your homework and know exactly what the range is for your position or your field. If you’re really being underpaid, you can walk into a meeting with stats.8. Don’t be a pushoverSome recruiters do work entirely on commission. If they don’t place people that month, they don’t pay rent. Don’t let yourself get shoe-horned into a position that isn’t right for you just to please your recruiter. It is okay to say no and push for something more appropriate.9. Hold onto the good onesA good recruiter, with whom you have a fruitful working relationship, is a thing of beauty. Hold onto this relationship with both hands. Trust and goodwill are not to be taken for granted. And they aren’t always the norm.10. Give backIf you get the job, make sure to thank your recruiter. A thank you card goes a long way towards showing your appreciation and bolstering good will all around. And keep in touch! You never know when you might need your recruiter’s services again.

Analyse why London Ambulance IT project failure accurred, and where Essay

Analyse why London Ambulance IT project failure accurred, and where similar organisations might learn valuable lessens so that future IT projects don not folow - Essay Example The London Ambulance Service IT project was too ambitious and is an apt example of failure where technology was mistaken to be the solution. The London Ambulance Service (LAS) was responsible for accepting emergency medical calls and for dispatching ambulances as appropriate. LAS employed a computer aided dispatch (CAD) system to understand the emergency, resource the ambulance and dispatch. The ambulances were also fitted with an automatic vehicle location system (AVLS) which facilitated the CAD to track its progress in fulfilling a particular requirement. This project to make a CAD first started in 1987 with a budget of 3 million pounds. The objective was to automate human intensive processes of manual dispatch systems. It was abandoned in 1990 when the costs overshot but then a new management team was appointed in January 1991. After many deliberations, the system did go partially live a year later only to shut down in October 1992. LAS was the largest in the world, which covered 600 sq miles, 7 million people and had a fleet of 700 ambulances. Founded in 1930, LAS attended to 1600 emergencies per day. Government changes in NHS from mid-80s onwards led to pressure on LAS due to internal market, which led to management restructuring and disputes over working practices (London Ambulance Service Case Study). The magnanimity of the service did cause bottlenecks. Communication errors, difficulty in identifying the right locations, human judgment in identifying duplicate calls were disrupting services. To bring about overall efficiency computerization was sought. Various factors were responsible for the failure of the project, which include management ethos, bad procurement process, timetable, inexperience of suppliers, inadequate testing, poor quality assurance, poor training, and finally inadequate project management. The biggest mistake that occurred was

Discuss the history (literature), art, sculpture, architecture, other Essay

Discuss the history (literature), art, sculpture, architecture, other archaeological nds, inscriptions, coins, and so forth abou ROMAN VILLAS - Essay Example o sectors in the Britain, those who were known as the well-off only had to occupy the villas and the poor who were the majority occupied the Celtic houses. The villas have paints on the tops which were different and the changing artistic styles. The walls were not or never plastered, this different information in the artist’s works was mostly borrowed from the Greeks art. The arts found in the Romans are presumed to be borrowed from the Greek hence most of the art work of the Roman villas and the Greek villas are same and closely related (Elaine K. Gazda). The presences of the Romans villas in other provinces show Romanization and the acceptance of the architectural forms and practices by the local elite. The proliferation of the villas in the Italy is a drastic transformation of the economy, it is regarded as capitalism in the empire and it was a clear indication of division in the social class. The villas are considered in two forms; the social and the economic way in which the intensity of change between different empires are considered (Grant). The roman art is considered in two ways; the public work and the private work. The public work is more pronounce than the private because as it’s per the public monument will always continue to provide a chronological armature in the field of the roman art with abroad view of the history. The public work of the roman art is more commemorate major historical events, religious rites and imperial policies through public monuments which express the collective ideas and achievements of the roman people. For the work of the private sphere it is upon them to turn forms and images that express the personal belief, taste and self-perceptions of the Romans. This art work helps to know the place and the position of individuals (Kemp). The private work art poses certain problem in that the scant documentation is available to student of art but the student is outside the purview of the official Rome. Also the meaning of the

Public Law Assessment semester one 2012 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public Law Assessment semester one 2012 - Essay Example L Llyod, An introduction to policing and police powers (2nd, Cavendish, London 2005) This source provides and covers every detail of the powers of the police and the system through which they function; the source even focuses on the main elements of the profession and how this profession attacks the 1998 Human Rights Act. 5. M Zander, The Police and Criminal Evidence Act, 1984 (2nd, Sweet & Maxwell, London 1990) This is a book on criminology; it focuses on the powers that were assigned to police officials regarding their powers of search and seizure. This book is relevant to the course because the course deals with the power of police officials and the book provides all the details about those powers. 6. N Parpworth, Constitutional and administrative law (7th, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012) This work talks about the rights that the citizens have in accordance to the constitution and the powers that police officials have and how the power of the police official can conflict wit h the rights of the common citizens. 7. O Schutter, International human rights law: cases, materials, commentary (1st, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2010) This source focuses on various cases in which the element of human rights have been attacked by the powers of policing and the changes that were made during these cases to the power of police. By reading these cases, students can understand what the limitations of police power are. 8. P Welch, Criminal litigation and sentencing (6th, Cavendish, London 2004) Journal Articles 1. J Merritt, 'Pluralist models of policing: Legislating for police powers, a cautionary note from England and Wales' [2009] AIJPSM 377, 394 2. K. E. Brown, 'CONTESTING THE SECURITIZATION OF BRITISH MUSLIMS' [2010] I 171, 182 3. M. Raphael, 'Tracing and confiscating illicit proceeds: The perspective of the defence' [2011] ERA 545, 570 This article focuses on changes in the procedure of search and seizure of assets owned by criminals and suspects, this a rticle even focuses on the history of rules and regulations that were developed regarding the policies of police search and seizure. 4. R. Griffith, 'Legal child protection and the law: Urgent intervention' [2009] BJM 126, 127 In this article the researcher states that according to the Human Rights Act of 1988, officials including social workers and police officials are allowed to break in settings where there is a possible threat to the lives of children. 5. R. T. Farrar, 'Aspects of police search and seizure without warrant in England and the United states' [1975] NCJRS 491, 558 In this article the researcher talks about the situation when warrants are needed for conducting search and seizure activities and instances when there is no need of warrants. This paper even talks about the responsibility of the police officials and the charges levied on them for conducting illegal form of search and seizure. Cases 1. Alderson v Booth[1969] 2 QB 216 2. Beard v Wood [1980] RTR 454 3. Benlt ey v. Brudzinski (1982) 75 Cr App R 217 4. Chief Constable of Gwent v Dash 1986 RTR 41 5. Christie v Leachinsky [1947] AC 573 6. Collins v Wilcock [1984] 3 All ER 374 This case is an example of a police officer using unreasonable force to question the appellant; in this case the police

Attitudes Towards Tourism And Hospitality Career Psychology Essay

Attitudes Towards Tourism And Hospitality Career Psychology Essay To explain human behavior is a very difficult and complex task. But approaching it from different levels such as the persons attitude and perception factors and so on, sheds light to this complexity. Concepts referring to behavioral dispositions, such as social attitude, and personality trait, have played an important role in these attempts to predict and explain human behavior (Ajzen, 1998; Campbell, 1963; Sherman Fazio, 1983). This study uses the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB model) to test the influences governing undergraduates intention towards pursuing a career in the tourism industry. This study will thus explore the variables that influence a students intention to pursue a career in the hospitality industry and the factors that are implicated in or modify a students career commitment over time. The sample includes first year to forth year undergraduates studying Tourism management courses offered by The University of Mauritius. 2.1 Perceptions and attitudes towards pursuing a Tourism and Hospitality Career 2.1.0 Tourism management as a course Author (s) s Study S Variables used les used Davidson and Tideswell (1998) Considering level of student interest in the hospitality programme (Australia) Industry factors: Career prospects, Interests, See degree as a rite of passage to job and career, Entrance criteria used by institutions as a mechanism to attract students Barron and Maxwell (1993) New entrants illusory image of the industry- glamorous and unrealistic perceptions Jarvis (1994) Limited resources applied early in the education process Barron (1997) Offer for the course Good reputation of university OMahony, McWilliam and Whitelaw (2001) Reputation and availability of a particular course Hospitality course as second or third preference Accepted based on entry requirement rather than career interest Hing and Lomo (1997) Students enroll with a vague idea of their goal, their future aspirations and career opportunities (minimal commitment) Place coveted at the university, irrespective of discipline If scores were too low. Theres a chance to pursue interest and career in private hospitality colleges Purcell (1993) Career choice in high school were influenced by parents or guardians, peers or friends Cothram and Combrink, 1999; Sciarini and Wood, 1997 Parents and families were the most influential in determining students attitudes and career choice Young (1994) Parents as primary providers of encouragement Machatton (1997) Negative perceptions of parents- hospitality jobs confined to hamburger- flipping and bed making OMahony, McWilliam and Whitelaw (2001) Not rated as an important influence: Parents Teachers School counselors Peers Rated the highest: Mass media Helmes and Adcock (1992) Lack of information Lack of career knowledge Lead to creation of misconception and unwarranted negative attitudes and often associated with lack of opportunities Barron and Maxwell (1993) Information about the industry Career based on choice rather than by chance Fraser, 2000 Varying interest to work in different sectors of the hospitality industry views changed through various exposures: study programme exposure to industry 2.1.1 Tourism as a career choice Author (s) Study Variables used Ross (1991; 1993) positive attitudes towards potential careers high level of interest in management positions industry regarded as holding considerable promise for future employment and career prospects Gets (1994) unattractive option for high school students: downturn in regional economies potential for attracting youth through: internships or co-operative education between schools and industry Airey and Frontisis (1997) career support improvement in basic hospitality education Greek students positive attitudes but: Unrealistic views about careers in the industry Limited experience as hospitality consumers Employment structure in Greece Charles (1992a) Positive attitudes towards: Career in tourism industry- seen as exciting, stimulating and developing creativity Negative attitude because of potential disruptive effect on: Personal Family And social life Interest seen to be decreasing: After internship experience Barron and Maxwell (1993) Difference between perception and experience of the industry: New students hold positive views Post internship students hold negative views Expectations: Good career opportunities Good training Treatment of staff by employers Job does not demand a capacity effort Perception: Industry not lucrative Poor treatment of manual staff Warsyzak (1997) Assessment of industry becomes less positive after post work experiences Kusluvan and Kusluvan (2000) Positive attitudes changed to negative attitudes after practical work experience: Job stress Lack of family life owing to nature of the work Long working hours Exhausting and seasonal (unstable) jobs Low social status of a hospitality job Unfavorable evaluations were due to: Insufficient information about careers Limited information on working conditions West anf Jamieson (1990) Reduction in commitment after various exposures to the industry Purcell and Quinn (1996) Supervised work experience a key contributor to reduced commitment Fraser (2000) Perceptions, aspirations, expectations and career commitment steadily declined over time. Levels of commitment not based on: Sex Qualifications Levels of industry knowledge Nor prior experience But based on: Employment practices Pavesic and Byrmer (1990) Hospitality Graduates switch to another industry less than one year after graduating. Reasons: Poor pay for the hours of work Little recognition for efforts made Lack of opportunity for progress Long hours Stress at work Not receiving acknowledgement of qualifications gained. Kusluvan and Kusluvan (2000) Negative attitudes formed after internship: Stressful jobs Lack of family life owing to the nature of tourism jobs Unsatisfactory and unfair promotions Low pay Insufficient benefits Unqualified managers Poor attitudes and behavior of managers towards employees Unqualified coworkers Poor attitudes and behavior of coworkers Poor physical working conditions for employees 2.2 The Theory of Planned Behavior Ajzen developed the Theory of Planned Behavior in 1991 as an extension of Ajzen and Fishbeins 1975 Theory of Reasoned Action. The TPB has four components: attitudes (i.e. the individuals positive or negative feelings about performing a behavior), subjective norm (i.e. the individuals perception of whether people important to the individual think the behavior should be performed), perceived behavioral control (i.e. The individuals perception on the self skills and ability of performing a behavior) and behavioral intention (i.e. an individuals readiness to perform a given behavior) Ajzen stated that for nonhabituaI behaviors that are easily executed by almost everyone without special circumstances, the theory of reasoned action was adequate. When behaviors are more difficult to execute, and when a person needs to take control over needed resources in order to act, the theory of planned behavior is a better predictor of behavior than the theory of reasoned action. In the theory of planned behavior, control is taken into account as a variable labeled perceived behavioral control, which is defined as a persons perception of how easy or difficult it would be to perform the action. The theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) has been since its development some 20 years proved to be a powerful approach to explain human behavior. Â   The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) predicts that planned behaviors are determined by behavioral intentions which are largely influenced by an individuals attitude toward a behavior, the subjective norms encasing the execution of the behavior, and the individuals perception of their control over the behavior (Ajzen, 1975). In simpler terms, behavioural decisions are the result of a reasoned process in which the behavior is influenced by attitudes, norms and perceived behavioral control. 2.3 The Theory of Planned Behavior: Model Ajzens revised model (1991) is expressed in the diagram (figure 2) below: Figure 2: Ajzens Theory of Planned Behavior The theory of planned behavior postulates three conceptually determinants of intention. 2.4 Determinants of Behavioral Intention Attitude towards behavior Attitudes represent an individuals likes, dislikes, beliefs and opinions regarding a particular behavior. It represents a summary of evaluation of psychological object captures in attribute dimensions of good- bad, harmful- beneficial, pleasant- unpleasant, and likable- dislikable (Ajzen; 2001) Rosenberg and Hovland (1996) viewed attitude as a multi-component construct and made the following statement all responses to a stimulus object are mediated by the persons attitude towards the object. Ayres (2008) claims that traditionally there has been a career-for-life philosophy adopted by workers, whereby workers will spend their entire working life working in one industry, and, in many cases, one organization. This philosophy has in recent times, coinciding with Generation Y entering the workforce, been replaced by a more uncertain career structure, with employees frequently changing employers within their industry and many also pursuing work in different industries (Inkson, Anhur, and Pringle, 1999). Morton (2002) stated that Generation Y employees show a tendency towards valuing equality in the workplace and they seek positions that offer reasonable wages and good opportunities for training. Morton (2002) also claimed that they respect managers who empower workers and who are open and honest with employees. Martin (2005), who calls this generation Yers, describes eight main characteristics shown by Generation Y towards their careers. These eight characteristics include the Generation Y employee being self-reliant and independent, technosavvy, entrepreneurial, seeking flexibility, having an urgent sense of immediacy, wanting increasing responsibility, having a get off my back attitude and adopting a free agency attitude. Oliver (2006) claims that recent interest in the Generation Y worker has intensified in recent years, and while generalizations are plentiful, he claims that the Generation Y worker is uninterested in a job for life, instead seeking flexibility and work-life balance. Oliver (2006) states that, overall, Generation Y workers are seen to have much higher expectations of a job than previous generations, including high expectations of pay, conditions, promotion and advancement. A study conducted by Kusluvan and Kusluvan (2000) found that some of the factors that seemed to account for the negative attitudes towards careers in tourism, formed after students had undertaken a practical work assignment, are stressful jobs, lack of family life owing to the nature of the work, long working hours, exhausting and seasonal (unstable) jobs, low social status of tourism jobs, unsatisfactory and unfair promotions, low pay and insufficient benefits, unqualified managers, poor attitudes and behavior of managers towards employees, unqualified coworkers and poor attitudes and behavior of coworkers and poor physical working conditions for employees. Subjective Norms Subjective Norms is the degree to which someone wants to conform to others behavior or expectations. Usually, others are individuals (family and friends) whose preferences on a subject matter are important to him or her. This concept was introduced into theory of planned behavior to accommodate the non volitional elements inherent, at least potentially, in all behaviors (Ajzen, 2002). Although schools, peers and the students community all have an impact on the young adults self- identity and career choice, the parents expectations and perceptions of vocational fit for their children have been found to be the key roles in shaping their career choices (Ferry, 2006). In one study (Creamer and Laughlin, 2005), this influence has been so strong as to override the influence of teachers, faculty, and career field in question but were not as well- known and or trusted as to students parents for this type of decision. In an era where 49% of UK workers report that balancing work and family responsibilities is an issue of significant concern to them (IP Morgan Fleming, 2003), the influence of family and personal life and career decisions is receiving increasing amounts of media attention. Todays business school graduates are looking for a work style to go with their lifestyle, claims the HR consultancy Hay Group (The Economist, 2006). Generation X and Generation Y workers who are younger than 40, are more likely than boomers to say they put family before jobs, says an article in USA Today (Elias, 2004). Todays younger employees are working to live rather than living to work, states a newspaper manager in the journalism newsletter Fusion (Williamson, 2006). Perceived Behavioral Control Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) refers to a persons perception of the ease or difficulty of performing a particular behavior. According to Ajzen (2002), PBC is used to deal with situations where people do not have complete volitional control (i.e. external influences) over the particular behavior in question. An employees perception to any industry will, no doubt, be determined by their commitment, perceptions, attitudes towards working in the industry as well as the types of jobs available in the industry. It is argued that this is particularly pertinent to tourism and hospitality as it has been reported that potential recruits have a negative image of working in the industry (Aksu and Koksal, 2005; Brien, 2004; Getz, 1994, Kuslavan and Kuslavan, 2000). Several researchers have also studied the perceptions of undergraduate tourism and hospitality management students. Barron and Maxwell (1993) examined the perceptions of new and continuing students at Scottish higher education institutions. They found that in general the new students had positive images of the industry, whereas the students with supervised work experience were much less positive in their views. Baron and Maxwell (19930 found significant differences between the new students perceptions of the industry compared with the students who had undertaken their industry placement. The marked differences in the perceptions of new students compared with those post placement students and graduates lie in the difference between perception and experience in the industry. West and Jameson (1990) agree and claim that the more exposure hospitality students have to the industry, the less commitment they show. 2.5 Behavioral Intention Intention is an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions; in the words of Ajzen, an indication of how hard people are willing to try, of how much effort they are willing to exert in order to perform the behavior. Therefore, the stronger the intention to engage in a behavior, the more likely should be its performance. (p. 181) TPB states that people act in accordance with their intentions and perceptions of control over their behavior, while intentions are influenced by attitudes toward the behavior, subjective norms and perceptions of behavioral control (Ajzen, 1985). Behavior Hsing (2002) defined behavior as the performance of an action at a certain time, in a certain context and with a certain purpose. Generally, the more favorable the attitude and subjective norm with respect to a behavior and the greater the perceived behavioral control; the stronger an individuals intention should be to perform the behavior under consideration (Ajzen, 1991). However based on varying behaviors and situation, the relative importance of attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control is expected to be different. 2.6 Indicators of Behavioral Intention For the TPB to predict behaviour successfully or for maximum prediction, intention must be measured as closely as possible in time to the observation of the behaviour. The longer the interval between measurement of intention and behaviour, the greater the likelihood that an unforeseen event will occur that will lead to changes in intention and be less predictive of actual behaviour. Nevertheless, this study is not working on actual behaviour, but rather on attitudes and beliefs about the behaviour of choosing a particular career. 2.6.0 Indicators of Attitude towards behavior Thus, to measure student attitudes toward behaviour, which in this context meant choosing the programme and direction, or intention to seek a career in hospitality, questions were constructed in such a way so as to shed light on the attitude and beliefs of the undergraduates: I expect this course will only qualify me to do a specialised job in the hospitality industry I am still keen to work in the industry as when I first chose this training programme I am very satisfied with my choice of a career in hospitality I am committed to a career in hospitality 2.6.1 Indicators of Subjective Norms A second major predictor of intention in this study is the influence of important people in an individual students life as encouragement and support to perform the behaviour intention. Subjective Norm refers to a favourable or unfavourable student perception of social pressure and the relative importance of different sources of social influence on their intention (decision) to choose a programme and hospitality career. Such social influence might come from immediate family members, peers and friends, teachers and other individual and groups. As stated by Ajzen and Fishbein (1980) an individual will perform or operationalise their behaviours that they perceive as favoured by other people who are important to them. In the present study, there were items used to obtain a direct measure of students perception of significant others and the degree to which they influenced the decision to take a tourism management course. Questions which relate to parents, friends, brothers and sisters and school teachers were constructed to indicate how strongly they agreed or disagreed with such statements. Such questions were: My parents encouraged me to study hospitality My school teachers and counsellors encouraged me to study hospitality My brothers / sisters encouraged me to study hospitality However, according to Ajzen and Fishbein (1980) any relationship between the respondents and the referent (s) will be more or less stable over time. To assess the actual career influencer parallel to those of the students intention, an open ended question was asked: Who was the most influential individual who influenced your choice of a hospitality career? 2.7 Empirical Evidence 2.8 Conclusion

Ian McEwans Enduring Love Essay -- Ian McEwan Enduring Love Essays

Ian McEwan's Enduring Love Evident throughout the entire plot of ‘Enduring Love’, Ian McEwan fuses three different genres: love story, detective story and thriller. Each genre I believe has a set of expectations that captures the reader urging them to read on, for example a thriller genre would stereotypically be led by a fast, tense pace with characters easily identifiable as ‘goodies’ and ‘baddies’. Different, fresh and ‘novel’ McEwan establishes his break up of typical genres as he mixes the elements of the three main genres and purposely doesn’t stick to their rigid framework that many authors swear by. It is however important to assess to what extent that McEwan successfully combines these genres and how effective his method is. During the exposition of ‘Enduring Love’, McEwan attempts to â€Å"entice the reader into making that commitment† creating an â€Å"addictive quality† which I believe he does so by incorporating several stylistic devices, flowing from one to the other throughout the entire of the first chapter. Focusing particularly on the action of the event Joe is describing, McEwan incorporates parts of the romance genre and the detective story, switching from one to the other frequently. â€Å"We set off down our path arm in arm†¦the warmth and tranquillity in her voice†, Concentrating on the ‘romance’ genre, McEwan allows the reader to feel a connection with Joe as we are made aware of his emotions for Clarissa. Exploring different themes of love, we become acquainted with Clarissa’s love of Keats poetry, â€Å"Clarissa’s interest in these hypothetical letters had something to do with our own situation† and the love for others surrounding Joe at the station â€Å"it was smiles and hugs, and in thirty-five m... ...he is telling her. â€Å"Don’t get angry with me, Joe. You didn’t see his face, and he wasn’t in the square†. To conclude, I believe that it is correct to state that â€Å"Enduring Love gracefully bridges genres†, as McEwan intervenes from one genre to another successfully without a break up in the plot. The only exception of this is, I believe is the chapter in which the ‘thriller’ genre is introduced as I believe that it is out of character for Joe to go such an extreme and this is the only part of the book that I felt I was not a part of, as McEwan failed to engage me fully with the lack of realism. It could however be argued that this was McEwan’s intention to alienate this chapter to depict the message that it is possible for anyone, however radical and intelligent to take such extreme actions under the ‘given circumstances’ and the pressures that Joe faced. Ian McEwan's Enduring Love Essay -- Ian McEwan Enduring Love Essays Ian McEwan's Enduring Love Evident throughout the entire plot of ‘Enduring Love’, Ian McEwan fuses three different genres: love story, detective story and thriller. Each genre I believe has a set of expectations that captures the reader urging them to read on, for example a thriller genre would stereotypically be led by a fast, tense pace with characters easily identifiable as ‘goodies’ and ‘baddies’. Different, fresh and ‘novel’ McEwan establishes his break up of typical genres as he mixes the elements of the three main genres and purposely doesn’t stick to their rigid framework that many authors swear by. It is however important to assess to what extent that McEwan successfully combines these genres and how effective his method is. During the exposition of ‘Enduring Love’, McEwan attempts to â€Å"entice the reader into making that commitment† creating an â€Å"addictive quality† which I believe he does so by incorporating several stylistic devices, flowing from one to the other throughout the entire of the first chapter. Focusing particularly on the action of the event Joe is describing, McEwan incorporates parts of the romance genre and the detective story, switching from one to the other frequently. â€Å"We set off down our path arm in arm†¦the warmth and tranquillity in her voice†, Concentrating on the ‘romance’ genre, McEwan allows the reader to feel a connection with Joe as we are made aware of his emotions for Clarissa. Exploring different themes of love, we become acquainted with Clarissa’s love of Keats poetry, â€Å"Clarissa’s interest in these hypothetical letters had something to do with our own situation† and the love for others surrounding Joe at the station â€Å"it was smiles and hugs, and in thirty-five m... ...he is telling her. â€Å"Don’t get angry with me, Joe. You didn’t see his face, and he wasn’t in the square†. To conclude, I believe that it is correct to state that â€Å"Enduring Love gracefully bridges genres†, as McEwan intervenes from one genre to another successfully without a break up in the plot. The only exception of this is, I believe is the chapter in which the ‘thriller’ genre is introduced as I believe that it is out of character for Joe to go such an extreme and this is the only part of the book that I felt I was not a part of, as McEwan failed to engage me fully with the lack of realism. It could however be argued that this was McEwan’s intention to alienate this chapter to depict the message that it is possible for anyone, however radical and intelligent to take such extreme actions under the ‘given circumstances’ and the pressures that Joe faced.